Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a condition characterized by elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, leading to significant strain on the heart and impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. In normal circumstances, resting pulmonary artery systolic pressure typically ranges from 18 to 20 mmHg. However, in PAH, this pressure exceeds 25 mmHg at rest or rises above 30 mmHg with exercise, with a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure less than 15 mmHg as measured by right heart catheterization.
PAH can arise from a variety of underlying conditions affecting the pulmonary, cardiac, or systemic systems. Symptoms often manifest due to right ventricular failure or cor pulmonale, and may include dyspnea, fatigue, syncope, lower extremity edema, and atypical chest pain.
Furthermore, patients may initially experience exertional breathlessness, which can progress to exertional syncope or chest pain as the condition worsens.
Recent advancements in understanding the pathophysiology of PAH have led to targeted therapies that aim to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and potentially slow disease progression. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial in managing PAH and improving patient outcomes.
Understanding Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
