Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an encompassing term that includes a wide range of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, constituting a significant global health challenge. It spans conditions like coronary heart disease, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, stroke, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, and congenital heart disease, making it a multifaceted health concern. A common thread linking these varied conditions is atherosclerosis, the process involving the loss of natural artery elasticity, which is intrinsic to CVD.
Atherothrombotic CVD, primarily manifesting as coronary heart disease and stroke, significantly contributes to the global burden of mortality and disability. Ongoing research continually uncovers new insights into the mechanisms and risk factors associated with these conditions, driving advancements in preventive strategies and treatment modalities. The cardiovascular system, comprised of both the heart and circulatory system, plays a pivotal role in maintaining bodily functions by facilitating the distribution of oxygen and nutrients to cells while eliminating carbon dioxide and other waste products.
Recognizing the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors in cardiovascular health, there is a growing emphasis on evaluating individual cardiovascular risk. For those with a familial predisposition to premature cardiovascular disease or displaying symptoms indicative of cardiovascular issues, a thorough risk assessment is imperative. This evaluation should consider a range of factors, including ethnicity, smoking history, family cardiovascular disease history, weight, blood pressure, non-fasting lipids, and non-fasting glucose levels. These comprehensive assessments aid in early detection, personalized intervention, and the formulation of effective preventive measures, thus contributing to the ongoing efforts to mitigate the global impact of cardiovascular diseases.
Cardiovascular Disease Overview and Risk
