People with high levels of the substance creatinine in their blood were five times more likely to die of heart attack or stroke than those with low levels, researchers said according to The New York Times dated May 30, 1989. The study was reported in Hypertension, a journal published by the American Heart Association.
Creatinine is a chemical compound left over from energy-producing processes in muscles. Healthy kidneys filter creatinine out of the blood. Creatinine exits from human body as a waste product in urine.
High levels of it in the blood indicate that the kidney is unable to cleanse it from the body. A normal result is 0.7 to 1.3 mg/dL (61.9 to 114.9 µmol/L) for men and 0.6 to 1.1 mg/dL (53 to 97.2 µmol/L) for women.
Women often have a lower creatinine level than men. This is because women often have less muscle mass than men. Creatinine level varies based on a person's size and muscle mass.
The study showed that creatinine levels were more reliable in predicting death among hypertension patients than such factors as an elevated cholesterol level, diabetes, smoking or a history of heart trouble.
According to Journal of Cardiac Failure, the researchers believe the more likely explanation is that increased creatinine levels during hospitalization are a marker of poor cardiac output, leading to diminished renal blood flow and reduced ability to tolerate inpatient heart failure treatment. (Journal of Cardiac Failure Vol. 9 No. 1 2003)
Creatinine and heart failure
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