Dyslipidemia

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in both men and women. On average, more than 2,200 Americans lose their lives to cardiovascular disease each day. Most patients had at least one established CV risk factor – hypertension, dyslipidemia and/or diabetes.

The term dyslipidemia refers to a disturbance of the lipid profile, including both hyperlipidemia and hypolipidemia. Dyslipidemia, the hallmark of the metabolic syndrome, includes increased flux of free fatty acids, raised triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, and small dense low-density lipoprotein, and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Dyslipidemia has been well established as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It refers to the following lipid levels:
*Total cholesterol (TC) > 5.2 mmol/L
*High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) < 1.0 mmol/L (males) < 1.2 mmol/L (females)
*Triglycerides (TG) > 1.7 mmol/L
*Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels

Low HDL cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia have been found to be independently and significantly related to myocardial infarction/stroke in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Classification of dyslipidemia
*Primary – due to genetic
*Secondary
Dyslipidemia