Pulmonary hypertension may occur from blockage of the left atrium by a myxoma or thrombus.
Congenital and acquired heart lesions can cause pulmonary venous hypertension.
Congenital causes include hypoplastic left heart syndrome, aortic coartation, interrupted aortic arch, anomalous origin of a coronary artery, valvular aortic stenosis, cor triartrium, total anomalous pulmonary connection below the diaphragm and pulmonary vein stenosis or atresia.
Pulmonary venous hypertension necessitates a passive rise in pulmonary systolic pressure to maintain a driving force across the vasculature.
Volume overloaded cause shear force injury to the vascular endothelium, which leads to vascular remodeling and luminal narrowing.
Pulmonary venous hypertension may be identified on radiographs, pulmonary angiogram or nuclear medicine perfusion scans.
Pulmonary venous hypertension is considered mild with wedge pressures of 10 to 13 mm Hg, moderate with equalization of upper and lower lobe blood flow and wedge pressures of 14 to 16 mm Hg.
Pulmonary venous hypertension
